Trolling for Beginners: How to Start Fishing in Deep Water

Understanding Deep Water Fishing

Deep water fishing, also known as deep-sea fishing, is a thrilling and adventurous method of fishing that takes place in the ocean’s depths, far from the shoreline. Unlike shallow water fishing, which occurs in coastal waters, rivers, and lakes, deep water fishing requires venturing out into the open sea, where the water can be hundreds or even thousands of feet deep. This type of fishing targets species that inhabit these deeper waters, such as marlin, tuna, swordfish, and various types of sharks.

The unique challenges of deep-sea fishing include the need for specialized equipment and techniques. The sheer size and strength of the fish found in these depths demand heavy-duty rods, reels, and lines that can withstand the intense battle between angler and fish. Additionally, the vastness of the ocean and the unpredictability of marine life require a keen understanding of fish behavior and migration patterns.

The rewards of deep water fishing are equally profound. The opportunity to catch large, powerful fish that are not accessible to the average angler is a significant draw for many enthusiasts. Moreover, the experience of being out on the open sea, surrounded by the vastness of the ocean, is a humbling and exhilarating experience that deep-sea anglers cherish.

To succeed in deep water fishing, one must be equipped with the right tools and knowledge. This includes understanding the types of fish that inhabit the depths, their feeding habits, and the best methods to attract and catch them. It also involves mastering the art of trolling, a technique where baits or lures are drawn through the water behind a moving boat to entice fish to bite.

In the following sections, we will delve into the essential gear required for deep water trolling, how to prepare your boat for a successful outing, the best baits and lures to use, and the techniques and strategies that can increase your chances of landing a trophy catch. We will also cover the importance of safety and etiquette on the water, as well as the post-fishing care and maintenance of your equipment to ensure it is ready for your next deep-sea adventure.

Selecting the Right Tackle and Gear

Deep water trolling requires a specific set of tackle and gear that is designed to handle the challenges of fishing in deeper waters. The right equipment can make the difference between a successful fishing trip and one that ends in disappointment. Here’s what you need to consider when selecting your gear:

Rods and Reels

The backbone of your deep water trolling setup is your rod and reel. For deep sea fishing, you’ll need a heavy-duty rod that can handle the weight and fight of larger fish. Look for rods made from materials like graphite or fiberglass, which offer a good balance of strength and sensitivity. The length of the rod should be between 5.5 to 7 feet, providing enough leverage for battling big fish.

Reels for deep water trolling should have a high line capacity and a smooth drag system. Spinning reels and conventional reels are both suitable, but conventional reels are often preferred for their durability and ease of use when dealing with heavy lines. Choose a reel with a gear ratio that suits your fishing style; a lower gear ratio (3.5:1 to 4.5:1) is better for larger, slower-moving fish, while a higher gear ratio (5.1:1 to 6.3:1) is more versatile and can handle a variety of fish species.

Lines and Leaders

The line you use should be strong enough to withstand the pressure of deep water trolling. Monofilament, braided, and fluorocarbon lines are all options, each with their own advantages. Braided lines are popular for their strength and lack of stretch, which can help you detect bites more easily. Monofilament lines have some stretch, which can be beneficial for absorbing the shock of a powerful fish strike. Fluorocarbon lines are nearly invisible underwater and have low stretch, making them a good choice for clear water conditions.

A leader is essential to protect your main line from the sharp teeth and abrasive bodies of many deep-sea fish. Leaders can be made from wire, monofilament, or fluorocarbon, depending on the target species. Wire leaders are best for toothy fish, while monofilament or fluorocarbon leaders are suitable for most other species.

Lures and Baits

The type of lures and baits you use will depend on the fish you’re targeting. For deep water trolling, lures such as spoons, plugs, and skirted trolling lures are effective. Spoons are simple and can be very effective at attracting fish from a distance. Plugs, or diving lures, are designed to mimic the action of a wounded baitfish and can be very enticing to predatory fish. Skirted trolling lures are versatile and can be used with a variety of teasers and baits to increase their appeal.

Live bait, such as squid, mackerel, or bonito, can be extremely effective for deep water trolling. The natural movement of live bait can be irresistible to many fish species. When using live bait, it’s important to keep it fresh and lively to maximize its effectiveness.

Additional Gear

In addition to the core tackle, there are other pieces of gear that are essential for deep water trolling. Outriggers help spread your lines out and away from the boat, increasing your chances of a hookup. Downriggers are used to precisely control the depth at which your bait or lure is presented. A fishfinder is invaluable for locating fish in deep water, and a gaff or net is necessary for landing your catch safely.

When selecting your gear, always consider the specific needs of the fish you’re targeting and the conditions you’ll be fishing in. Investing in high-quality, durable equipment will ensure that you’re prepared for the rigors of deep-sea fishing and increase your chances of a successful and enjoyable trip.

Preparing the Boat and Setting Up for Trolling

Before embarking on a deep water trolling adventure, it’s crucial to ensure that your fishing boat is well-prepared and properly set up. The following steps will guide you through the process of getting your vessel ready for a successful day on the water.

Rigging the Outriggers

Outriggers are essential for deep water trolling as they allow you to spread your lines away from the boat, reducing the chance of tangles and increasing the area you cover. To rig your outriggers:

Secure the outriggers to the sides of the boat using sturdy mounts.
Attach the release clips to the outrigger lines, ensuring they are set at the correct tension for the size of your lures and the species you are targeting.
Connect your fishing lines to the release clips, making sure they are properly rigged with the appropriate lures or baits.

Setting Up the Downriggers

Downriggers are used to precisely control the depth at which your baits or lures are presented. To set up your downriggers:

Mount the downriggers on the stern of the boat, ensuring they are securely fastened.
Attach the cannonball to the downrigger cable and lower it to the desired depth, using a depth finder to assist.
Connect the release clip to the fishing line, which will detach when a fish strikes, allowing the angler to fight the fish without the weight of the cannonball.

Positioning the Fishing Rods

The placement of your fishing rods is critical for effective trolling. Consider the following when positioning your rods:

Place rods in rod holders that are angled slightly outward to prevent line crossing.
Distribute the rods evenly across the boat to maintain balance and control.
Adjust the height of the rod tips to create a natural swimming action for the lures.

Adjusting Boat Speed for Optimal Trolling

The speed of your boat can greatly affect the success of your trolling efforts. Here are some tips for adjusting your boat speed:

Consult with local fishing guides or resources like TakeMeFishing.org for recommended trolling speeds for specific species in your area.
Use a GPS or trolling motor to maintain a consistent speed, which is typically between 4 to 6 knots for most deep water species.
Observe the action of your lures and adjust the speed accordingly to ensure they are swimming naturally.

Creating a Natural Presentation of the Bait

To attract fish, your bait must appear as natural as possible. Consider the following when presenting your bait:

Use teasers or planers to create a more lifelike presentation of your bait.
Experiment with different trolling patterns, such as zigzag or contour trolling, to mimic the movement of natural prey.
Adjust the depth and distance of your baits based on the behavior of the fish and the conditions of the water.

By following these steps and utilizing the right techniques, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle the depths and reel in a bountiful catch during your deep water trolling expedition.

Choosing the Best Baits and Lures for Deep Water Trolling

Deep water trolling offers a unique fishing experience, and selecting the right baits and lures is crucial for success. The variety of options available can be overwhelming, but understanding the characteristics of each type can help you make an informed decision. Below, we explore the different baits and lures suitable for deep water trolling and provide guidance on how to choose and present them effectively.

Types of Baits and Lures for Deep Water Trolling

Type	Description	Best For
Live Bait	Natural bait such as mackerel, herring, or squid that attracts fish due to its movement and scent.	Predatory fish like tuna, marlin, and wahoo.
Artificial Lures	Man-made lures designed to mimic the appearance and movement of prey, including plugs, jigs, and soft plastics.	Various deep-sea species, depending on the lure’s design and action.
Spoons	Metal lures that wobble and flash in the water, simulating the movement of an injured baitfish.	Salmon, trout, and other predatory fish that are attracted to the reflective surface and erratic motion.

Selecting the Right Bait or Lure

When choosing a bait or lure for deep water trolling, consider the following factors:

Target Species: Research the preferred prey of the fish you’re targeting. For example, if you’re after tuna, live bait like mackerel might be more effective than artificial lures.
Water Conditions: Clear water may require lures with a more natural appearance, while murky water might benefit from baits with strong scents or bright colors that stand out.
Depth: Some lures are designed to dive deeper than others. Choose a lure that can reach the desired depth without sacrificing presentation.

Rigging and Presenting Baits and Lures

To maximize the effectiveness of your baits and lures, follow these tips:

Rigging Live Bait: Hook live bait through the nose or dorsal fin to ensure it swims naturally. Use a circle hook to minimize damage and increase the chances of a successful release.
Artificial Lures: Match the size and color of the lure to the local forage fish. Experiment with different retrieval speeds to find what triggers strikes from your target species.
Spoons: Attach spoons with a snap swivel to allow for free movement. Vary the trolling speed to create different wobble patterns that can entice fish to bite.

By carefully selecting and presenting your baits and lures, you can significantly improve your deep water trolling success. Remember to adapt your approach based on the conditions and the behavior of the fish, and always be ready to make adjustments to your presentation.

Mastering Trolling Techniques and Strategies

Deep water trolling is an art that requires a blend of skill, patience, and strategy. Here, we delve into the fundamental trolling techniques and strategies that can help you increase your chances of a successful catch.

Straight Trolling

Straight trolling is the most basic technique, where you move in a straight line at a consistent speed. This method is ideal for covering large areas and is particularly effective when targeting pelagic species that roam the open waters.

Advantages	Applications
Covers a wide area	Ideal for open water species
Easy to execute	Suitable for beginners

Contour Trolling

Contour trolling involves following the underwater contours of the sea floor or specific structures. This technique is highly effective for targeting fish that congregate around specific features, such as drop-offs, reefs, or underwater mountains.

Advantages	Applications
Targets specific fish habitats	Effective around structures
Increases catch rates	Requires knowledge of underwater topography

Zigzag Trolling

Zigzag trolling is a more advanced technique that involves alternating between straight lines and turns. This method helps to cover a larger area and presents the bait in a more erratic manner, which can be enticing to predatory fish.

Advantages	Applications
Increases bait visibility	Attracts aggressive species
Covers more water	Best for experienced anglers

Reading the Water and Identifying Productive Areas

To master deep water trolling, you must learn to read the water and identify productive fishing areas. Look for signs such as bird activity, temperature breaks, and current lines, which can indicate the presence of baitfish and, consequently, larger predatory fish.

Adjusting Trolling Patterns

Flexibility is key in deep water trolling. Be prepared to adjust your trolling patterns based on the behavior of the fish. This may involve changing your speed, depth, or the direction of your trolling path. Experiment with different techniques and be ready to adapt to the conditions and the fish’s response.
By understanding and applying these trolling techniques and strategies, you’ll be well on your way to becoming a proficient deep water troller. Remember, practice and experience are the best teachers in the world of fishing.

Safety and Etiquette on the Water

Deep water trolling is an exhilarating experience, but it also comes with its own set of safety concerns and responsibilities. As a responsible angler, it’s crucial to prioritize safety and adhere to proper etiquette while on the water. Here’s what you need to know:

Safety First

Wear Life Jackets: Always ensure that everyone on board is wearing a properly fitted life jacket. Accidents can happen quickly, and a life jacket can save a life in case of an emergency.
Check Weather Conditions: Before setting out, check the marine weather forecast to avoid dangerous conditions. Sudden storms can create hazardous situations.
Maintain a Safe Distance: Keep a safe distance from other boats, especially when trolling. This not only prevents collisions but also avoids tangling lines.

Fishing Etiquette

Respect for fellow anglers, marine life, and the environment is essential. Here are some guidelines to follow:

Share Fishing Spots: Be considerate of other anglers and share fishing spots. Avoid crowding and give others enough space to fish comfortably. Remember, good fishing etiquette leads to a better experience for everyone.
Respect Marine Life: Handle fish with care, especially when releasing them. Use appropriate tools to remove hooks and avoid excessive handling to minimize stress and injury.
Protect the Environment: Never litter. Dispose of trash properly and use environmentally friendly products. Be mindful of your boat’s impact on sensitive marine habitats.

Proper Fish Handling and Release

When releasing fish, follow these steps to ensure their survival:

Use Dehooking Tools: Quickly and carefully remove the hook with dehooking tools to minimize injury to the fish.
Wet Your Hands: Wet your hands before handling the fish to protect its protective slime layer, which helps prevent disease.
Support the Fish: Hold the fish horizontally, supporting its body, especially near the head and tail, to avoid damage to its internal organs.
Revive the Fish: If necessary, gently hold the fish facing into the current until it revives and swims away on its own.

“The ethics of fishing are as important as the techniques. A responsible angler respects the resource, the environment, and other anglers.” – John Gierach, renowned fly fishing writer

By following these safety and etiquette guidelines, you’ll not only ensure a safer and more enjoyable deep water trolling experience but also contribute to the sustainability of our marine resources.

Post-Fishing Care and Maintenance

After a thrilling day of deep water trolling, it’s crucial to take care of your fishing gear to ensure it remains in top condition for your next adventure. Proper post-fishing care not only extends the life of your equipment but also maintains its performance, guaranteeing you’re always ready for the next big catch. Here’s how to properly care for your gear and your catch after a day on the water:

Cleaning and Drying Equipment

Rods and Reels: Rinse your rods and reels with fresh water to remove salt, sand, and debris. Dry them thoroughly with a clean cloth to prevent corrosion. Lubricate moving parts according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Lines: Inspect your fishing line for nicks, abrasions, or fraying. Replace if necessary. Gently clean the line with a damp cloth and allow it to dry before spooling it back onto the reel.
Lures and Baits: Clean lures and baits with fresh water and inspect for any damage. Store them in a dry, organized manner to keep them accessible and ready for use.

Inspecting for Damage

Regular inspections are key to catching potential issues before they become major problems. Check all components of your gear, including the rod tips, reel handles, line guides, and connections. Look for signs of wear or damage that could compromise your next fishing trip.

“A stitch in time saves nine,” as the old adage goes. Regular maintenance can prevent small issues from turning into costly repairs or lost catches.

Storing Gear Properly

Proper storage is essential for preserving the integrity of your fishing equipment. Store rods in a rack or on hooks, ensuring they are not bent or under pressure. Reels should be stored in a cool, dry place, with the line slightly loosened to prevent spool memory. Keep all gear away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures.

Processing and Storing Your Catch

Bleeding: For certain fish species, bleeding immediately after capture can improve the quality of the meat. Cut the gills or the vent to allow the fish to bleed out before storing.
Gutting and Scaling: Remove the entrails and scale the fish to prepare it for storage. This helps prevent spoilage and the spread of bacteria.
Cooling: Place the fish on ice or in a cooler with ice packs to keep it at a safe temperature.
Filleting: If you plan to eat the fish, fillet it properly to remove bones and skin. Store the fillets in airtight containers or vacuum-sealed bags on ice or in the refrigerator.

By following these post-fishing care and maintenance tips, you’ll not only preserve the longevity of your gear but also ensure that your catch remains fresh and delicious for your table. Remember, a well-maintained setup is the foundation of a successful deep-sea fishing experience.

Category: Fishing